Pericoronitis is a dental infection which refers to inflammation of gingiva(gum) & surrounding soft tissues of an incompletely / partially erupted tooth.
– pericoronitis most commonly affect a wisdom tooth (Mandibular 3Rd molar most frequently affected.)
-It occurs when bacteria and food particles become trapped in the space between the gum and the crown of the tooth, causing infection and inflammation.
-Although it can be quite painful and uncomfortable, pericoronitis is a treatable condition.
– In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, complications, treatment, prevention & home remedies options for pericoronitis.
image credit -google
Causes of pericoronitis:
Pericoronitis usually occurs in individuals aged 17 to 25 years, during the eruption of the third molars, commonly known as wisdom teeth. When these teeth do not fully emerge from the gum line, a flap of gum tissue can partially cover the tooth, creating a space where debris can accumulate.
Poor oral hygiene habits, such as inadequate brushing and flossing, can further contribute to the development of pericoronitis.
Symptoms of pericoronitis:
-The most common symptom of pericoronitis is pain and swelling in the affected area(around teeth, angle of jaw & cheeks)
-The pain can range from mild discomfort to severe throbbing pain, making it difficult to chew or speak.
Other symptoms :
-may include bad breath, a foul taste in the mouth, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and difficulty opening/ closing the mouth.
-In some cases, pus may be present around the affected tooth.
–Swelling of lymph nodes also seen in acute cases with toxic systemic complications such as fever, leukocytes & malaise.
image credit – google
Complications of pericoronitis :
- Acute pericoronitis may become localised in the form of pericoronal abscess.
- It pericoronitis occurs in partially erupted vital tooth, it may give rise to cyst formation.
- It may spread posteriorly into the oropharyngeal area& medially into the base of the tounge, marking it difficult for the patients to swallow.
- Depending upon severity there is involvement of the submaxillary , cervical, deep cervical & retropharyngeal lymph node in acute pericoronitis.
- Peritonsillar abscess formation, cellulitis & ludwigs angina are infrequent but nevertheless potential sequelae of acute pericoronitis.
Treatment of pericoronitis :
Treatment for pericoronitis depends on:
1. the severity of the infection
2. Systemic complications
3. Advisability of retaining the involved tooth.
In first visit –
- Area is gently flushed with warm water to remove Superficial debris & exudate (pus) followed by application of topical anesthetic agents.
- Flap is reflected with scaler & underlying debris Is also removed, & the area is flushed with warm water.
- Instruction to the patient incluu hourly rinses with a solution of a teaspoonful of salt in a glass of warm water, take enough rest ,drink lots of fluids & systemic antibiotics is prescribed if toxic symptoms are present.
- If gingival flap is swollen & fluctuant, an anteroposterior incisu is made to establish drainage is made witha no . 15 bard-parker (BP) Blade, followed by insertion of 1/4th inch gauze wick.
next visit / second visit
-Determination is made whether the tooth is to be retained or extracted.
-Decision is governed by the liklihood of further eruption into a good functional position.
-If it is decided to retain the tooth. Necessary surgical procedure are performed using a periodontal knife or Electrosurgery .
-Under anesthesia , a wedge shaped incision is made to section a tissues that includes the gingival flap with the tissues distal to the involved tooth as well.
-After tissue is removed a periodontal pack is placed.
Prevention from pericoronitis:
Proper oral hygiene practices are essential for preventing pericoronitis. Brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing daily, and rinsing with an antibacterial mouthwash can help remove debris and bacteria from the gum line. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are also crucial for identifying and addressing any potential issues before they worsen.
Also read .- importance of brushing & why twice..???
It is important to note that not all wisdom teeth develop pericoronitis, and some people may experience no symptoms at all. However, anyone experiencing symptoms such as pain, swelling, or difficulty opening the mouth should seek professional dental care to avoid potential complications.2.
home remedy for pericoronitis for temporary pain relief:
- brushing & flossing twice daily
- lukewarm water & salt gargle.
- over the counter pain medication.
conclusion
In conclusion, pericoronitis is a dental condition that occurs when gum tissue becomes infected and inflamed around a partially erupted tooth, typically a wisdom tooth. With proper oral hygiene practices and timely intervention, pericoronitis can be effectively managed and treated. If you suspect you may have pericoronitis, consult with a dental professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.
also read :
Q: Most common teeth involved in pericoronitis.?
A: Mandibular 3rd molar